Countries compete to weaken their currencies

ONCE upon a time, nations took pride in their strong currencies, seeing them as symbols of economic and political power. Nowadays it seems as if the foreign-exchange markets are home to a bunch of Charles Atlas’s 97-pound weaklings, all of them eager to have sand kicked in their faces.

First the dollar took a battering in 2009 when the return of risk appetite, and the ability to borrow the currency at very low rates, sent money flowing out of America for use in speculative “carry trade” transactions. Then the euro got pummelled because of concerns about the euro zone’s exposure to sovereign-debt problems in southern Europe. Finally sterling hit the canvas this week because of concerns about the British government’s deficit and the policy gridlock that may result from a hung parliament after a general election expected in May.

Is there any sign that politicians and central bankers are upset by these depreciations? None at all. Mervyn King, governor of the Bank of England, seems to welcome sterling’s weakness as a boost to exporters. European politicians, such as Christine Lagarde, the French finance minister, have revealed their pleasure at the euro’s recent decline for similar reasons. The American authorities, while parroting their belief in a strong dollar, have done nothing to shore it up, neither raising interest rates nor cutting the fiscal deficit or intervening in the markets.

Nor has there been much sign of rejoicing in those countries whose currencies have tended to strengthen. The Swiss have intervened to hold down the franc. And Japan’s latest finance minister, Naoto Kan, has called for a weaker yen (although he received a rebuke from the prime minister for doing so).

The one country that most economists agree should let its currency rise is China (in theory, faster-growing countries should enjoy real appreciation over the long term). But the People’s Republic also resists the temptation, intervening to stop the yuan from rising against the dollar.

Why are weak currencies so much in favour these days? The answer seems to be that the interests of exporters are paramount, given the desperate scramble for growth that has followed the credit crunch and the global recession.
(Source: The Economist)
(Image source: Topnews.in)